The HiFiMAN Arya Unveiled is 27Ω with a sensitivity of 94.0 dB/mW, which is 109.7 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 4.0 mW, or 0.33 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 53 sources in the database, 53 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.13 mW | 58 mV | 2.2 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 1.3 mW | 0.18 V | 6.8 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 4.0 mW | 0.33 V | 12.1 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 13 mW | 0.58 V | 21.6 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 40 mW | 1.04 V | 38.4 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 27Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 27Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 20.2 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $800 | 6.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 6.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 6.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $250 | 5.9 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 5.9 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $400 | 5.1 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $2500 | 5.1 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $500 | 4.6 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1400 | 4.2 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $350 | 3.9 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $300 | 3.4 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 3.4 W | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $130 | 3.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.5 W | +28 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1800 | 2.5 W | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.7 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $180 | 1.7 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $380 | 1.7 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.5 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $100 | 1.4 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 1.3 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $100 | 844 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $200 | 844 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 633 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $500 | 565 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $150 | 548 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 548 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 506 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $80 | 464 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Qudelix T71 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 337 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 337 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 287 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 270 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 253 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 228 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1400 | 211 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 203 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 194 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $90 | 194 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $130 | 194 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 180 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $200 | 169 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $30 | 169 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $110 | 160 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | Bluetooth receiver | $220 | 152 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $40 | 110 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 101 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 51 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 51 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 42 mW | +10 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 25 mW | +8 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 13 mW | +5 dB | Enough faint hiss |
Hiss. At 109.7 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 18 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 27Ω these want a source output impedance below 3.38Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 1 of the 53 sources here miss it, the worst being the Schiit Vali 2+ at 6Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
26Ω · 98.0 dB/mW · Easy
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See requirements →68Ω · 98.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →47Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →150Ω · 101.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 316.