The 7Hz Timeless AE is 15Ω with a sensitivity of 92.0 dB/mW, which is 110.2 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 6.3 mW, or 0.31 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 53 sources in the database, 52 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.20 mW | 55 mV | 3.6 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 2.0 mW | 0.17 V | 11.5 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 6.3 mW | 0.31 V | 20.5 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 20 mW | 0.55 V | 36.5 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 63 mW | 0.97 V | 64.9 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 15Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 15Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 11.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $800 | 3.8 W | +28 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 3.8 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 3.8 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $250 | 3.3 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 3.3 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $400 | 2.8 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $2500 | 2.8 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $500 | 2.6 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1400 | 2.3 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $350 | 2.2 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $300 | 1.9 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 1.9 W | +25 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $130 | 1.6 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 1.4 W | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1800 | 1.4 W | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 938 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $180 | 938 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $380 | 938 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 844 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $100 | 750 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 703 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $100 | 469 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $200 | 469 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 352 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $500 | 314 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $150 | 305 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 305 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 281 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $80 | 258 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Qudelix T71 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 187 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 187 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 159 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 150 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 141 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 127 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1400 | 117 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 112 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 108 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $90 | 108 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $130 | 108 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 100 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $200 | 94 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $30 | 94 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $110 | 89 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | Bluetooth receiver | $220 | 84 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $40 | 61 mW | +10 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 56 mW | +9 dB | Enough |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 28 mW | +6 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 28 mW | +6 dB | Enough |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 23 mW | +6 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 14 mW | +3 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 7.0 mW | +0 dB | Marginal faint hiss |
Hiss. At 110.2 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 18 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 15Ω these want a source output impedance below 1.88Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 2 of the 53 sources here miss it, the worst being the Schiit Vali 2+ at 6Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
30Ω · 97.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →32Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →32Ω · 97.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →30Ω · 95.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →16Ω · 92.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →32Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 316.