The Austrian Audio Hi-X60 is 25Ω with a sensitivity of 94.0 dB/mW, which is 110.0 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 4.0 mW, or 0.32 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 156 sources in the database, 156 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
Austrian Audio publishes this as 110 dBspl/V (1 V (no measurement frequency stated)) — a figure per volt, not per milliwatt. At 25Ω the two differ by 16.0 dB, so the 94.0 dB/mW above is that published number converted, not a different measurement.
This is the conversion that online calculators skip. Quote the per-volt number as if it were per-milliwatt and this headphone looks 16 dB easier to drive than it is — which is roughly the difference between a dongle being enough and not being enough.
Source: austrian.audio. How this data was built.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.13 mW | 56 mV | 2.2 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 1.3 mW | 0.18 V | 7.1 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 4.0 mW | 0.32 V | 12.6 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 13 mW | 0.56 V | 22.4 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 40 mW | 1.00 V | 39.9 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 25Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 25Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $1700 | 9.4 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Gustard H26 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 7.6 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr+ | desktop amplifier | $449 | 6.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop amplifier | $699 | 6.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 6.2 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop amplifier | $249 | 5.5 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop amplifier | $219 | 4.9 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1499 | 4.7 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $2799 | 4.2 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop amplifier | $3499 | 4.1 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $279 | 3.9 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $289 | 3.8 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 3.8 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop amplifier | $529 | 3.8 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL DO400 | desktop DAC/amp | $520 | 3.8 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop amplifier | $3600 | 3.5 W | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 3.1 W | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| iFi Pro iCAN Signature | desktop amplifier | $2499 | 3.1 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L50 | desktop amplifier | $229 | 3.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $149 | 2.9 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop amplifier | $119 | 2.6 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop DAC/amp | $549 | 2.5 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $99 | 2.5 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $599 | 2.4 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo TA-30 | desktop amplifier | $709 | 2.3 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.3 W | +28 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| RME ADI-2 Pro FS R | audio interface | $2199 | 2.3 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V222 | desktop amplifier | $1245 | 2.2 W | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 2.1 W | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop amplifier | $129 | 2.1 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Little Dot MK III SE | desktop amplifier | $540 | 2.0 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop amplifier | $160 | 1.9 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V226 | desktop DAC/amp | $1600 | 1.9 W | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 1.6 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.6 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Jotunheim 2 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.6 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 1.6 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1795 | 1.5 W | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.4 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping DX5 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 1.4 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel 3S Pro | desktop amplifier | $370 | 1.3 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop amplifier | $660 | 1.3 W | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $199 | 1.2 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $149 | 1.2 W | +25 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Questyle CMA Fifteen | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 1.2 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop amplifier | $629 | 1.1 W | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | audio interface | $1399 | 1.1 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark DAC3 HGC | desktop DAC/amp | $2399 | 1.0 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Piety | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.0 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 1.0 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Lynx Aurora(n) | audio interface | $3499 | 1.0 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 953 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 12 | audio interface | $599 | 924 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Duet 3 | audio interface | $649 | 924 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Matrix mini-i Pro 4 | desktop DAC/amp | $1499 | 909 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Matrix element M2 | desktop DAC/amp | $2999 | 909 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1995 | 833 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo XD05 Bal | portable amplifier | $499 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $99 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop amplifier | $350 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $1199 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop amplifier | $1600 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop amplifier | $3200 | 781 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Merging Anubis | audio interface | $2790 | 751 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO Q7 | portable amplifier | $750 | 601 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 586 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1799 | 564 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Fosi Audio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 469 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Woo Audio WA6 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 453 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Symphony Desktop | audio interface | $1495 | 433 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix T71 | USB dongle | $229 | 391 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Bryston BHA-1 | desktop amplifier | $2395 | 391 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | audio interface | $699 | 368 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX180 | portable player | $480 | 336 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 | portable player | $949 | 336 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 MkII | audio interface | $229 | 292 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 Plus MkII | audio interface | $299 | 292 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Babyface Pro FS | audio interface | $899 | 292 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss, damping |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 289 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO JM21 | portable player | $199 | 276 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 266 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M2 | audio interface | $219 | 260 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M4 | audio interface | $279 | 260 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M6 | audio interface | $499 | 260 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop amplifier | $699 | 244 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 235 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 234 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $499 | 227 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 219 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Moondrop Moonriver 2 Ti | USB dongle | $190 | 219 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi hip-dac 3 | portable amplifier | $199 | 219 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | desktop amplifier | $375 | 212 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $29 | 210 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA15 | USB dongle | $109 | 210 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2 | USB dongle | $99 | 195 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N3 Ultra | portable player | $649 | 195 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee BOOM | audio interface | $299 | 188 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Fireface UCX II | audio interface | $1749 | 164 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen DAC 3 | desktop DAC/amp | $229 | 164 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 157 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M23 | portable player | $699 | 156 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Fosi Audio SK02 | desktop amplifier | $100 | 148 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia AudioFuse Rev2 | audio interface | $599 | 146 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 135 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi GO blu | Bluetooth receiver | $219 | 129 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC-Elite | USB dongle | $449 | 127 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $149 | 125 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin RU7 | USB dongle | $269 | 125 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA5 | USB dongle | $99 | 123 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Aiyima A2 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $75 | 117 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom UAC-232 | audio interface | $399 | 115 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Shanling M3 Ultra | portable player | $479 | 109 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia MiniFuse 2 | audio interface | $149 | 109 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Hidizs S9 Pro Plus | USB dongle | $139 | 108 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | USB dongle | $259 | 107 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth receiver | $59 | 104 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim Space | USB dongle | $70 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $119 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC3 | USB dongle | $179 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC4 | USB dongle | $219 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 98 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD24 | audio interface | $599 | 97 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $189 | 94 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD4 MkII | audio interface | $199 | 93 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD14 MkII | audio interface | $349 | 93 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Valhalla 2 | desktop amplifier | $349 | 90 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $179 | 88 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| ART HeadAmp 4 Pro | desktop amplifier | $130 | 83 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable damping |
| PreSonus Quantum ES 2 | audio interface | $199 | 82 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $109 | 78 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Little Dot MK II | desktop amplifier | $176 | 78 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $69 | 77 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Studio 68c | audio interface | $299 | 67 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 2 | audio interface | $199 | 66 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 276 | audio interface | $299 | 66 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg UR44C | audio interface | $349 | 62 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $79 | 55 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus HP4 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 54 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 47 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 47 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable |
| Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th gen | audio interface | $279 | 43 mW | +10 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th gen | audio interface | $699 | 43 mW | +10 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1399 | 38 mW | +10 dB | Enough |
| Steinberg IXO22 | audio interface | $119 | 25 mW | +8 dB | Enough |
| Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th gen | audio interface | $139 | 24 mW | +8 dB | Enough damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th gen | audio interface | $199 | 24 mW | +8 dB | Enough damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 23 mW | +8 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| JadeAudio JA11 | USB dongle | $20 | 23 mW | +8 dB | Enough |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 22 mW | +8 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| PreSonus Studio 24c | audio interface | $149 | 21 mW | +7 dB | Enough |
| Audient EVO 4 | audio interface | $129 | 19 mW | +7 dB | Enough damping |
| Audient EVO 8 | audio interface | $249 | 19 mW | +7 dB | Enough damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 12 mW | +5 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Steinberg UR22C | audio interface | $199 | 9.4 mW | +4 dB | Enough |
Hiss. At 110.0 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 18 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 25Ω these want a source output impedance below 3.12Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 16 of the 156 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
25Ω · 97.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →25Ω · 102.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →25Ω · 94.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →120Ω · 100.8 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →120Ω · 100.8 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →64Ω · 98.1 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 402.