The Sennheiser IE 500 PRO is 16Ω with a sensitivity of 108.0 dB/mW, which is 126.0 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 0.16 mW, or 50 mV across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 156 sources in the database, 156 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
Sennheiser publishes this as 126 dB/V (1 kHz / 1 Vrms) — a figure per volt, not per milliwatt. At 16Ω the two differ by 18.0 dB, so the 108.0 dB/mW above is that published number converted, not a different measurement.
This is the conversion that online calculators skip. Quote the per-volt number as if it were per-milliwatt and this headphone looks 18 dB easier to drive than it is — which is roughly the difference between a dongle being enough and not being enough.
Source: docs.cloud.sennheiser.com, sennheiser.com. How this data was built.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.01 mW | 9 mV | 0.6 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 0.05 mW | 28 mV | 1.8 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 0.16 mW | 50 mV | 3.1 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 0.50 mW | 90 mV | 5.6 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 1.6 mW | 0.16 V | 10.0 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 16Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 16Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop amplifier | $699 | 10.0 W | +48 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr+ | desktop amplifier | $449 | 9.0 W | +48 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop amplifier | $249 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $289 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop amplifier | $529 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $1700 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop amplifier | $3499 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SMSL DO400 | desktop DAC/amp | $520 | 6.0 W | +46 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop amplifier | $219 | 5.5 W | +45 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $279 | 5.0 W | +45 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $2799 | 5.0 W | +45 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Gustard H26 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 4.8 W | +45 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Pro iCAN Signature | desktop amplifier | $2499 | 4.8 W | +45 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 4.0 W | +44 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $149 | 3.5 W | +43 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L50 | desktop amplifier | $229 | 3.5 W | +43 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $599 | 3.3 W | +43 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop amplifier | $119 | 3.0 W | +43 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop amplifier | $160 | 3.0 W | +43 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1499 | 3.0 W | +43 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $99 | 2.8 W | +42 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Geshelli Archel 3S Pro | desktop amplifier | $370 | 2.0 W | +41 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 2.0 W | +41 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop amplifier | $3600 | 2.0 W | +41 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop amplifier | $660 | 1.9 W | +41 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Violectric V222 | desktop amplifier | $1245 | 1.6 W | +40 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop DAC/amp | $549 | 1.6 W | +40 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| xDuoo TA-30 | desktop amplifier | $709 | 1.5 W | +40 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 1.5 W | +40 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Violectric V226 | desktop DAC/amp | $1600 | 1.5 W | +40 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| RME ADI-2 Pro FS R | audio interface | $2199 | 1.5 W | +40 dB | Comfortable |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 1.4 W | +39 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop amplifier | $129 | 1.3 W | +39 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Little Dot MK III SE | desktop amplifier | $540 | 1.2 W | +39 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Piety | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.2 W | +39 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 1.1 W | +38 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Jotunheim 2 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 1.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1795 | 960 mW | +38 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | audio interface | $1399 | 940 mW | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 900 mW | +38 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Topping DX5 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 900 mW | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $199 | 800 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop amplifier | $629 | 770 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO Q7 | portable amplifier | $750 | 750 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $149 | 750 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Questyle CMA Fifteen | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 750 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1799 | 740 mW | +37 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Benchmark DAC3 HGC | desktop DAC/amp | $2399 | 667 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 650 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Lynx Aurora(n) | audio interface | $3499 | 649 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 610 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SSL 12 | audio interface | $599 | 592 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Duet 3 | audio interface | $649 | 592 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Matrix mini-i Pro 4 | desktop DAC/amp | $1499 | 582 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Matrix element M2 | desktop DAC/amp | $2999 | 582 mW | +36 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1995 | 533 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DX180 | portable player | $480 | 525 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 | portable player | $949 | 525 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo XD05 Bal | portable amplifier | $499 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $99 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop amplifier | $350 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $1199 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop amplifier | $1600 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop amplifier | $3200 | 500 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Merging Anubis | audio interface | $2790 | 481 mW | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 375 mW | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO JM21 | portable player | $199 | 360 mW | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 330 mW | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $499 | 300 mW | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Fosi Audio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 300 mW | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO KA15 | USB dongle | $109 | 290 mW | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Woo Audio WA6 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 290 mW | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Symphony Desktop | audio interface | $1495 | 277 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix T71 | USB dongle | $229 | 250 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Bryston BHA-1 | desktop amplifier | $2395 | 250 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $29 | 245 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO M23 | portable player | $699 | 235 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | audio interface | $699 | 235 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop amplifier | $699 | 230 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SSL 2 MkII | audio interface | $229 | 187 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 Plus MkII | audio interface | $299 | 187 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Babyface Pro FS | audio interface | $899 | 187 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 170 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| MOTU M2 | audio interface | $219 | 167 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M4 | audio interface | $279 | 167 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M6 | audio interface | $499 | 167 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 165 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 165 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 150 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 150 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 140 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Moondrop Moonriver 2 Ti | USB dongle | $190 | 140 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi hip-dac 3 | portable amplifier | $199 | 140 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA5 | USB dongle | $99 | 136 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | desktop amplifier | $375 | 136 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable damping |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2 | USB dongle | $99 | 125 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N3 Ultra | portable player | $649 | 125 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth receiver | $59 | 120 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apogee BOOM | audio interface | $299 | 120 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $149 | 110 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| RME Fireface UCX II | audio interface | $1749 | 105 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen DAC 3 | desktop DAC/amp | $229 | 105 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Fosi Audio SK02 | desktop amplifier | $100 | 95 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia AudioFuse Rev2 | audio interface | $599 | 94 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable damping |
| iFi GO blu | Bluetooth receiver | $219 | 82 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC-Elite | USB dongle | $449 | 81 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin RU7 | USB dongle | $269 | 80 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Aiyima A2 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $75 | 75 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom UAC-232 | audio interface | $399 | 74 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $79 | 70 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Shanling M3 Ultra | portable player | $479 | 70 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia MiniFuse 2 | audio interface | $149 | 70 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Hidizs S9 Pro Plus | USB dongle | $139 | 69 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | USB dongle | $259 | 68 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Tanchjim Space | USB dongle | $70 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $119 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Astell&Kern HC3 | USB dongle | $179 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC4 | USB dongle | $219 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Audient iD24 | audio interface | $599 | 62 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable damping |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $189 | 60 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1399 | 60 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Audient iD4 MkII | audio interface | $199 | 59 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD14 MkII | audio interface | $349 | 59 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Valhalla 2 | desktop amplifier | $349 | 58 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $179 | 56 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| ART HeadAmp 4 Pro | desktop amplifier | $130 | 53 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable damping |
| PreSonus Quantum ES 2 | audio interface | $199 | 53 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $109 | 50 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Little Dot MK II | desktop amplifier | $176 | 50 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $69 | 49 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| PreSonus Studio 68c | audio interface | $299 | 43 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 2 | audio interface | $199 | 42 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 276 | audio interface | $299 | 42 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg UR44C | audio interface | $349 | 40 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 35 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| PreSonus HP4 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 35 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 30 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 30 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th gen | audio interface | $279 | 28 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th gen | audio interface | $699 | 28 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Steinberg IXO22 | audio interface | $119 | 16 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th gen | audio interface | $139 | 16 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th gen | audio interface | $199 | 16 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 15 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| JadeAudio JA11 | USB dongle | $20 | 15 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| PreSonus Studio 24c | audio interface | $149 | 13 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient EVO 4 | audio interface | $129 | 12 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Audient EVO 8 | audio interface | $249 | 12 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 7.5 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Steinberg UR22C | audio interface | $199 | 6.0 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
Hiss. At 126.0 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 34 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 16Ω these want a source output impedance below 2.00Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 16 of the 156 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
16Ω · 106.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →16Ω · 105.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →16Ω · 105.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →16Ω · 108.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →12Ω · 107.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →22Ω · 109.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 402.