The Beyerdynamic DT 1990 Pro (250Ω) is 250Ω with a sensitivity of 102.0 dB/mW, which is 108.0 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 0.63 mW, or 0.40 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 53 sources in the database, 53 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.02 mW | 71 mV | 0.3 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 0.20 mW | 0.22 V | 0.9 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 0.63 mW | 0.40 V | 1.6 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 2.0 mW | 0.71 V | 2.8 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 6.3 mW | 1.26 V | 5.0 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 250Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 250Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 4.8 W | +39 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 2.4 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $2500 | 2.2 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.1 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 1.8 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $800 | 1.5 W | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $400 | 1.4 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $500 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $250 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1400 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 1.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $300 | 860 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 720 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1800 | 720 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $350 | 628 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $380 | 480 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $130 | 396 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $180 | 334 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 320 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $100 | 300 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 300 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $200 | 300 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 300 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $100 | 282 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 168 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $150 | 154 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $500 | 138 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 132 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 132 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $80 | 108 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Qudelix T71 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 90 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 90 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $200 | 83 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 66 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 63 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 60 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1400 | 54 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $90 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $130 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 39 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 39 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $30 | 36 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $110 | 36 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | Bluetooth receiver | $220 | 33 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $40 | 24 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 21 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 12 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 11 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 9.4 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 4.8 mW | +9 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 2.4 mW | +6 dB | Enough faint hiss |
Hiss. At 108.0 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 16 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
250Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →250Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →250Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →65Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →37Ω · 94.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →35Ω · 93.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 316.