Moondrop Stellaris: how much amplifier do you need?

The Moondrop Stellaris is 36Ω with a sensitivity of 98.0 dB/mW, which is 112.4 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 1.6 mW, or 0.24 V across the drivers.

That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 53 sources in the database, 53 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.

The two numbers that decide everything

Impedance36 Ω
Sensitivity98.0 dB/mW
Sensitivity (voltage)112.4 dB/V
TypeOver-ear
BrandMoondrop
Easy to drive — anything will do it

Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.

Power, voltage and current by listening level

LevelWhat it isPowerVoltageCurrent
85 dB SPLquiet background listening0.05 mW42 mV1.2 mA
95 dB SPLnormal listening0.50 mW0.13 V3.7 mA
100 dB SPLloud listening1.6 mW0.24 V6.6 mA
105 dB SPLvery loud5.0 mW0.42 V11.8 mA
110 dB SPLpeaks on dynamic music16 mW0.76 V21.0 mA

Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.

What drives them, from a $9 dongle upwards

Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 36Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.

SourceTypePricePower into 36ΩHeadroomVerdict
Schiit Ragnarok 2desktop amplifier$150021.7 W+41 dBComfortable
Chord Hugo TT 2desktop amplifier$50007.4 W+37 dBComfortable
Burson Soloist 3X GTdesktop amplifier$15007.3 W+37 dBComfortable
Schiit Mjolnir 3desktop amplifier$8007.2 W+37 dBComfortable audible hiss
Ferrum OORdesktop amplifier$18006.4 W+36 dBComfortable
Schiit Asgard 3desktop amplifier$2506.3 W+36 dBComfortable
Wells Audio Milodesktop amplifier$25005.5 W+35 dBComfortable
Topping A90 Discretedesktop amplifier$4005.4 W+35 dBComfortable
Topping A90desktop amplifier$5005.0 W+35 dBComfortable
Headamp GS-X Minidesktop amplifier$14004.6 W+35 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Element III MK2desktop DAC/amp$3504.1 W+34 dBComfortable
SMSL HO200desktop amplifier$3003.6 W+34 dBComfortable
iFi iCAN Prodesktop amplifier$6003.6 W+34 dBComfortable audible hiss
Topping L30 IIdesktop amplifier$1303.1 W+33 dBComfortable
Cayin HA-6Adesktop amplifier$18002.8 W+32 dBComfortable audible hiss
FiiO M17portable player$18002.7 W+32 dBComfortable faint hiss
Fiio K9 Prodesktop DAC/amp$3801.8 W+31 dBComfortable
Schiit Magni+desktop amplifier$1091.8 W+31 dBComfortable
Fiio K7desktop DAC/amp$1801.8 W+31 dBComfortable
Geshelli Archel Prodesktop amplifier$2001.6 W+30 dBComfortable
Schiit Magni Heresydesktop amplifier$1001.4 W+30 dBComfortable
SMSL SH-9desktop amplifier$1501.4 W+29 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen)desktop amplifier$100921 mW+28 dBComfortable
iFi Zen CANdesktop amplifier$200921 mW+28 dBComfortable
HiBy R6 Pro IIportable player$750681 mW+26 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO M11Sportable player$500606 mW+26 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO KA17USB dongle$150591 mW+26 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR17Bluetooth receiver$200588 mW+26 dBComfortable faint hiss
Astell&Kern SP3000portable player$3700545 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO KA13USB dongle$80497 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
Qudelix T71Bluetooth receiver$200363 mW+24 dBComfortable faint hiss
Astell&Kern SR35portable player$800363 mW+24 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR15Bluetooth receiver$110306 mW+23 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR7Bluetooth receiver$200289 mW+23 dBComfortable faint hiss
Questyle M15USB dongle$250272 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
Hidizs S9 ProUSB dongle$75241 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
Sony NW-WM1AM2portable player$1400227 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
Qudelix 5KBluetooth receiver$110216 mW+21 dBComfortable faint hiss
Moondrop Dawn ProUSB dongle$60207 mW+21 dBComfortable faint hiss
iBasso DC04 ProUSB dongle$90207 mW+21 dBComfortable faint hiss
Shanling UP5Bluetooth receiver$130207 mW+21 dBComfortable faint hiss
Truthear SHIOUSB dongle$70192 mW+21 dBComfortable
Schiit Vali 2+desktop amplifier$200184 mW+21 dBComfortable audible hiss, damping
FiiO KA11USB dongle$30180 mW+21 dBComfortable faint hiss
ddHiFi TC44 ProUSB dongle$110171 mW+20 dBComfortable faint hiss
Shanling UA5Bluetooth receiver$220162 mW+20 dBComfortable faint hiss
Tempotec Sonata BHD ProUSB dongle$40117 mW+19 dBComfortable faint hiss
iBasso DC03 ProUSB dongle$60108 mW+18 dBComfortable faint hiss
EarStudio ES100 MK2Bluetooth receiver$9054 mW+15 dBComfortable faint hiss
Generic CX31993 donglesUSB dongle$1254 mW+15 dBComfortable audible hiss
Sony NW-A306portable player$35045 mW+15 dBComfortable faint hiss
Apple USB-C dongle (US)USB dongle$927 mW+12 dBComfortable faint hiss
Apple USB-C dongle (EU)USB dongle$913 mW+9 dBEnough faint hiss

The three ways a source goes wrong

Hiss. At 112.4 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 20 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.

Output impedance. At 36Ω these want a source output impedance below 4.50Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 1 of the 53 sources here miss it, the worst being the Schiit Vali 2+ at 6Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.

Similar headphones

Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 316.