The Sony MDR-M1 is 50Ω with a sensitivity of 102.0 dB/mW, which is 115.0 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 0.63 mW, or 0.18 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 280 sources in the database, 280 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
Sony publishes this directly as 102 dB/mW (impedance stated '50 Ohm at 1kHz'; sensitivity printed without an explicit frequency), per milliwatt, so nothing was converted.
Source: pro.sony, pro.sony. How this data was built.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.02 mW | 32 mV | 0.6 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 0.20 mW | 100 mV | 2.0 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 0.63 mW | 0.18 V | 3.6 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 2.0 mW | 0.32 V | 6.3 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 6.3 mW | 0.56 V | 11.2 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 50Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 50Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $1700 | 9.2 W | +42 dB | Comfortable |
| Gustard H20 | desktop amplifier | $929 | 7.2 W | +41 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop amplifier | $3600 | 6.4 W | +40 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Gustard H26 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 6.2 W | +40 dB | Comfortable |
| HeadAmp GS-X mk2 | desktop amplifier | $2995 | 6.0 W | +40 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr+ | desktop amplifier | $449 | 4.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr 5 | desktop amplifier | $799 | 4.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop amplifier | $699 | 3.9 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1499 | 3.8 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop amplifier | $249 | 3.6 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-X | desktop amplifier | $699 | 3.5 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V222 | desktop amplifier | $1245 | 3.4 W | +37 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop amplifier | $219 | 3.2 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL H300 | desktop amplifier | $296 | 3.2 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $2799 | 2.9 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V226 | desktop DAC/amp | $1600 | 2.8 W | +36 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 2.7 W | +36 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 2.6 W | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $279 | 2.5 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop amplifier | $3499 | 2.3 W | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.2 W | +36 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping L50 | desktop amplifier | $229 | 2.2 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $149 | 2.2 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop DAC/amp | $549 | 2.1 W | +35 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop amplifier | $629 | 2.0 W | +35 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Little Dot MK III SE | desktop amplifier | $540 | 2.0 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL DO400 | desktop DAC/amp | $520 | 2.0 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $289 | 2.0 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop amplifier | $529 | 2.0 W | +35 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.9 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo TA-30 | desktop amplifier | $709 | 1.9 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo XA-10 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 1.9 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| RME ADI-2 Pro FS R | audio interface | $2199 | 1.9 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Holo Audio Bliss KTE | desktop amplifier | $3798 | 1.9 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum ERCO | desktop DAC/amp | $2050 | 1.7 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop amplifier | $129 | 1.7 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1995 | 1.7 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $99 | 1.6 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL H400 MK2 | desktop amplifier | $539 | 1.6 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Pro iCAN Signature | desktop amplifier | $2499 | 1.5 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop amplifier | $119 | 1.5 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K19 | desktop DAC/amp | $1430 | 1.5 W | +34 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $599 | 1.4 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Aune S17 Pro EVO | desktop amplifier | $799 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop amplifier | $1600 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop amplifier | $3200 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL H200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL VMV P2 MK2 | desktop amplifier | $1160 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| xDuoo MT-604 | desktop amplifier | $169 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop amplifier | $350 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| RME ADI-2 Pro EX | audio interface | $2499 | 1.3 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop DAC/amp | $5695 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| RME ADI-2/4 Pro SE | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Jotunheim 2 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K17 | desktop DAC/amp | $990 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Topping DX5 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M27 | portable player | $1799 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| HiFiMAN EF600 | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 1.2 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $199 | 1.1 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $149 | 1.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Vali 3 | desktop amplifier | $149 | 1.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1795 | 1.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop amplifier | $160 | 975 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Questyle CMA18 Master | desktop DAC/amp | $1999 | 971 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Questyle CMA Fifteen | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 971 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 950 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient ORIA | audio interface | $3500 | 912 mW | +32 dB | Comfortable damping |
| HiFiMAN EF500 | desktop DAC/amp | $459 | 845 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Matrix element M2 | desktop DAC/amp | $2999 | 839 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Matrix mini-i Pro 4 | desktop DAC/amp | $1499 | 833 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable damping |
| SMSL C200 | desktop DAC/amp | $219 | 832 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Lynx Aurora(n) | audio interface | $3499 | 830 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Piety | desktop amplifier | $200 | 800 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 785 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | audio interface | $1399 | 768 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $99 | 762 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SSL 12 | audio interface | $599 | 757 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Duet 3 | audio interface | $649 | 757 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient Horizon 8P | audio interface | $3500 | 755 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Benchmark DAC3 HGC | desktop DAC/amp | $2399 | 750 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $1199 | 744 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop amplifier | $660 | 680 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| xDuoo XD05 Bal | portable amplifier | $499 | 640 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel 3S Pro | desktop amplifier | $370 | 640 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Merging Anubis | audio interface | $2790 | 615 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Woo Audio WA6 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 547 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD48 | audio interface | $1300 | 543 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Schiit Valhalla 3 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 531 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable damping |
| TempoTec Variations V3 Blaze | portable player | $179 | 528 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 528 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Naim Uniti Atom Headphone Edition | desktop DAC/amp | $3799 | 480 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo 2 | portable amplifier | $2595 | 479 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| McIntosh MHA200 | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 463 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling H2 | portable amplifier | $169 | 435 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO Q15 | portable amplifier | $440 | 407 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Bryston BHA-1 | desktop amplifier | $2395 | 406 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP6 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 401 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Fosi Audio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 384 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M15S | portable player | $799 | 383 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Chord Mojo 2 | portable amplifier | $650 | 372 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO Q7 | portable amplifier | $750 | 354 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DX340 | portable player | $1699 | 352 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K11 | desktop DAC/amp | $143 | 335 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Shanling M9 Plus | portable player | $2959 | 333 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Symphony Desktop | audio interface | $1495 | 331 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1799 | 324 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Qudelix T71 | USB dongle | $229 | 320 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Soncoz SGA1 | desktop amplifier | $600 | 319 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M33 R2R | portable player | $730 | 305 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | audio interface | $699 | 301 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO K11 R2R | desktop DAC/amp | $176 | 295 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Shanling H7 | portable amplifier | $829 | 288 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop amplifier | $699 | 276 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | desktop amplifier | $375 | 271 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable damping |
| iBasso DX270 | portable player | $1149 | 266 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M21 | portable player | $599 | 260 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Shanling M7 | portable player | $1249 | 260 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX320 | portable player | $1599 | 243 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 MkII | audio interface | $229 | 239 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 Plus MkII | audio interface | $299 | 239 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Babyface Pro FS | audio interface | $899 | 239 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 218 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| MOTU M2 | audio interface | $219 | 213 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M4 | audio interface | $279 | 213 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M6 | audio interface | $499 | 213 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 211 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| TempoTec Variations V6 | portable player | $369 | 211 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi xDSD Gryphon | portable amplifier | $599 | 207 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Aune X1s GT | desktop DAC/amp | $319 | 205 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 192 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Lotoo PAW 6000 | portable player | $1200 | 192 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Cambridge Audio DacMagic 200M | desktop DAC/amp | $399 | 192 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim LUNA | USB dongle | $140 | 191 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Moonriver 2 Ti | USB dongle | $190 | 187 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| IK Multimedia AXE I/O | audio interface | $400 | 180 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Valhalla 2 | desktop amplifier | $349 | 180 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 179 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 179 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi hip-dac 3 | portable amplifier | $199 | 179 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX180 | portable player | $480 | 168 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 | portable player | $949 | 168 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 MK2 | portable player | $949 | 168 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2 | USB dongle | $99 | 160 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N3 Ultra | portable player | $649 | 160 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N7 | portable player | $1999 | 160 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO JM21 | portable player | $199 | 158 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 876 | audio interface | $999 | 157 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling M6 Ultra | portable player | $919 | 154 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee BOOM | audio interface | $299 | 154 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling H5 | portable player | $369 | 145 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R8 II | portable player | $1999 | 144 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Audient iD24 | audio interface | $599 | 140 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable damping |
| iFi Zen DAC 3 | desktop DAC/amp | $229 | 137 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC35Air | USB dongle | $46 | 134 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC35AL | USB dongle | $46 | 134 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Studio 68c | audio interface | $299 | 134 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Fireface UCX II | audio interface | $1749 | 134 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $499 | 129 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $29 | 128 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD4 MkII | audio interface | $199 | 128 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD14 MkII | audio interface | $349 | 128 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Fireface UFX II | audio interface | $2799 | 128 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Fireface UFX III | audio interface | $3199 | 128 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling M1 Plus | portable player | $209 | 125 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Fosi Audio SK02 | desktop amplifier | $100 | 122 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia AudioFuse Rev2 | audio interface | $599 | 120 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Little Dot MK II | desktop amplifier | $176 | 118 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Luxury & Precision P6 Pro | portable player | $3899 | 116 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA15 | USB dongle | $109 | 115 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Onix Alpha XI1 | USB dongle | $109 | 115 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy RS6 | portable player | $999 | 115 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom UAC-232 | audio interface | $399 | 112 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| PreSonus HP4 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 108 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi GO blu | Bluetooth receiver | $219 | 106 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC-Elite | USB dongle | $449 | 104 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 103 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Cayin RU7 | USB dongle | $269 | 102 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin RU9 | USB dongle | $499 | 102 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| M-Audio AIR 192|14 | audio interface | $329 | 102 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient EVO 16 | audio interface | $750 | 97 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Arturia MiniFuse 2 | audio interface | $149 | 96 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Arturia MiniFuse 1 | audio interface | $149 | 96 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Arturia MiniFuse 4 | audio interface | $299 | 96 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Aiyima A2 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $75 | 96 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| ART HeadAmp 4 Pro | desktop amplifier | $130 | 92 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $149 | 92 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| WiiM Ultra | desktop DAC/amp | $349 | 91 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling M3 Ultra | portable player | $479 | 90 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Fosi Audio N3 | Bluetooth receiver | $50 | 88 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro Plus | USB dongle | $139 | 88 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | USB dongle | $259 | 88 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA3 | USB dongle | $79 | 83 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD44 MkII | audio interface | $809 | 83 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 81 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M23 | portable player | $699 | 81 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim Space | USB dongle | $70 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $119 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern HC3 | USB dongle | $179 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC4 | USB dongle | $219 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Surfans F28 | portable player | $180 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg UR24C | audio interface | $194 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg UR44C | audio interface | $349 | 80 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| THX Onyx | USB dongle | $200 | 79 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA5 | USB dongle | $99 | 78 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| EPZ TP50 | USB dongle | $210 | 77 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $189 | 77 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iBasso DC07 Pro | USB dongle | $199 | 76 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| EPZ TP35 Pro | USB dongle | $70 | 72 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $179 | 72 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Moondrop DISCDREAM2 ULTRA | portable player | $350 | 72 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy FC4 | USB dongle | $99 | 70 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Luxury & Precision W4 | USB dongle | $449 | 70 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Creative Sound Blaster X5 | desktop DAC/amp | $285 | 68 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Quantum ES 2 | audio interface | $199 | 68 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $109 | 64 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Loxjie A30 | desktop DAC/amp | $170 | 64 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth receiver | $59 | 64 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $69 | 63 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient NERO | audio interface | $720 | 63 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 1 | audio interface | $149 | 58 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 2 | audio interface | $199 | 58 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 276 | audio interface | $299 | 58 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 476P | audio interface | $589 | 58 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Roland BRIDGE CAST | audio interface | $340 | 57 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| ddHiFi TC44Grip | USB dongle | $160 | 51 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR5 2021 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 51 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| HiBy W5 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 51 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim Stargate II | USB dongle | $40 | 48 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| EarMen Colibri | USB dongle | $299 | 48 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi GO link | USB dongle | $59 | 47 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs SD2 | USB dongle | $50 | 45 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs AP80 Pro Max | portable player | $179 | 45 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs AP80 Pro-X | portable player | $189 | 45 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Kiwi Ears Allegro Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 44 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th gen | audio interface | $279 | 43 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 16i16 (4th Gen) | audio interface | $410 | 43 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i16 (4th Gen) | audio interface | $570 | 43 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th gen | audio interface | $699 | 43 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| PreSonus Studio 24c | audio interface | $149 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC35Pro (Mountain2) | USB dongle | $66 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| DUNU DTC 480 | USB dongle | $70 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC35Pro (Eye2) | USB dongle | $76 | 42 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 41 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 41 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| IK Multimedia AXE I/O ONE | audio interface | $130 | 40 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Tascam US-4x4HR | audio interface | $249 | 38 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Creative Sound Blaster X3 | desktop DAC/amp | $100 | 37 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg IXO22 | audio interface | $119 | 32 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Marantz SACD 30n | desktop DAC/amp | $3500 | 32 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $79 | 32 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th gen | audio interface | $139 | 25 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th gen | audio interface | $199 | 25 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Audient EVO 4 | audio interface | $129 | 25 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Audient EVO 8 | audio interface | $249 | 25 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO SnowSky Tiny A | USB dongle | $22 | 22 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO SnowSky Tiny B | USB dongle | $22 | 22 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom AMS-24 | audio interface | $150 | 21 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Zoom AMS-44 | audio interface | $200 | 21 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Vocaster Two | audio interface | $250 | 20 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 20 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Roland Rubix22 | audio interface | $210 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Roland Rubix44 | audio interface | $432 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| JadeAudio JA11 | USB dongle | $20 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Kiwi Ears Allegro Mini | USB dongle | $24 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1399 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Sony NW-WM1ZM2 | portable player | $3700 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR11 | Bluetooth receiver | $36 | 19 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Sony NW-ZX707 | portable player | $898 | 16 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable |
| Tascam US-2x2HR | audio interface | $199 | 16 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Zoom AMS-22 | audio interface | $100 | 14 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Steinberg UR22C | audio interface | $199 | 12 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 11 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 9.9 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
Hiss. At 115.0 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 23 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 50Ω these want a source output impedance below 6.25Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 34 of the 280 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
56Ω · 98.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →40Ω · 103.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →63Ω · 106.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →20Ω · 98.0 dB · Easy
See requirements →23Ω · 98.6 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →80Ω · 104.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 578. Or see every Sony headphone in the database, and how much of what this site says about them came from Sony’s own documents.