The Abyss Diana MR is 42Ω with a sensitivity of 93.0 dB/mW, which is 106.8 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 5.0 mW, or 0.46 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 53 sources in the database, 53 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.16 mW | 82 mV | 1.9 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 1.6 mW | 0.26 V | 6.1 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 5.0 mW | 0.46 V | 10.9 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 16 mW | 0.82 V | 19.4 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 50 mW | 1.45 V | 34.5 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 42Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 42Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 19.1 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 6.7 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $1500 | 6.4 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $800 | 6.3 W | +31 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 5.8 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $250 | 5.5 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $2500 | 5.0 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $400 | 4.8 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $500 | 4.5 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1400 | 4.1 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $350 | 3.5 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $300 | 3.2 W | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 3.1 W | +28 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $130 | 2.7 W | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.5 W | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1800 | 2.4 W | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $380 | 1.6 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.6 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $180 | 1.6 W | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.4 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $100 | 1.3 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 1.2 W | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $100 | 832 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $200 | 832 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 603 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $500 | 534 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $150 | 524 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 517 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 482 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $80 | 436 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix T71 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 322 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 322 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 268 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $200 | 253 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 241 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 208 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1400 | 200 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $110 | 188 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 181 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $90 | 181 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $130 | 181 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 168 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $200 | 166 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $30 | 157 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $110 | 150 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | Bluetooth receiver | $220 | 142 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $40 | 102 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 94 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 48 mW | +10 dB | Enough |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 47 mW | +10 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 39 mW | +9 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 23 mW | +7 dB | Enough faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 12 mW | +4 dB | Enough faint hiss |
Hiss. At 106.8 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 15 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 42Ω these want a source output impedance below 5.25Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 1 of the 53 sources here miss it, the worst being the Schiit Vali 2+ at 6Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
42Ω · 88.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →42Ω · 88.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →42Ω · 91.0 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →80Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →80Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →80Ω · 96.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 316.