The Audeze LCD-2 Closed-Back is 70Ω with a sensitivity of 101.0 dB/mW, which is 112.5 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 0.79 mW, or 0.24 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 156 sources in the database, 156 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
Audeze publishes this directly as 101 dB/1mW (1 mW, at Drum Reference Point), per milliwatt, so nothing was converted.
The maker adds a power recommendation of its own: Max power handling 5W RMS; minimum power requirement >100mW; recommended power level >250mW
Source: audeze.com. How this data was built.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.03 mW | 42 mV | 0.6 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 0.25 mW | 0.13 V | 1.9 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 0.79 mW | 0.24 V | 3.4 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 2.5 mW | 0.42 V | 6.0 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 7.9 mW | 0.75 V | 10.7 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 70Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 70Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $1700 | 6.6 W | +39 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop amplifier | $3600 | 5.2 W | +38 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 5.0 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Gustard H26 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 4.4 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V222 | desktop amplifier | $1245 | 3.4 W | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Violectric V226 | desktop DAC/amp | $1600 | 3.0 W | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop amplifier | $699 | 3.0 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr+ | desktop amplifier | $449 | 2.9 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 2.7 W | +35 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1499 | 2.7 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop amplifier | $249 | 2.7 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop amplifier | $219 | 2.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $2799 | 2.3 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 2.1 W | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 1.9 W | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Little Dot MK III SE | desktop amplifier | $540 | 1.9 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop amplifier | $629 | 1.8 W | +34 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $279 | 1.8 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $149 | 1.8 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L50 | desktop amplifier | $229 | 1.8 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1995 | 1.7 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop amplifier | $3499 | 1.7 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop amplifier | $1600 | 1.7 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop amplifier | $3200 | 1.7 W | +33 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL DO400 | desktop DAC/amp | $520 | 1.6 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop DAC/amp | $549 | 1.5 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $289 | 1.4 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop amplifier | $529 | 1.4 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.4 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo TA-30 | desktop amplifier | $709 | 1.4 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| RME ADI-2 Pro FS R | audio interface | $2199 | 1.4 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop amplifier | $129 | 1.2 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $99 | 1.2 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop amplifier | $350 | 1.1 W | +32 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop amplifier | $119 | 1.1 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Pro iCAN Signature | desktop amplifier | $2499 | 1.1 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $599 | 1.0 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.0 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 951 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 914 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 899 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Jotunheim 2 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 897 mW | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping DX5 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 856 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $199 | 796 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 780 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $149 | 778 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1795 | 714 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop amplifier | $160 | 709 mW | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Questyle CMA Fifteen | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 702 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $99 | 650 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Piety | desktop amplifier | $200 | 640 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Matrix element M2 | desktop DAC/amp | $2999 | 640 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Matrix mini-i Pro 4 | desktop DAC/amp | $1499 | 631 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $1199 | 621 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Lynx Aurora(n) | audio interface | $3499 | 593 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 564 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | audio interface | $1399 | 549 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Woo Audio WA6 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 547 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 12 | audio interface | $599 | 541 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Duet 3 | audio interface | $649 | 541 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark DAC3 HGC | desktop DAC/amp | $2399 | 536 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop amplifier | $660 | 486 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| xDuoo XD05 Bal | portable amplifier | $499 | 457 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel 3S Pro | desktop amplifier | $370 | 457 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Merging Anubis | audio interface | $2790 | 440 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 418 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Bryston BHA-1 | desktop amplifier | $2395 | 367 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | desktop amplifier | $375 | 290 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Fosi Audio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 274 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO Q7 | portable amplifier | $750 | 255 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apogee Symphony Desktop | audio interface | $1495 | 251 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1799 | 234 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Qudelix T71 | USB dongle | $229 | 229 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Valhalla 2 | desktop amplifier | $349 | 228 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop amplifier | $699 | 228 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | audio interface | $699 | 215 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 MkII | audio interface | $229 | 171 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 Plus MkII | audio interface | $299 | 171 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Babyface Pro FS | audio interface | $899 | 171 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss, damping |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 166 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 156 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| MOTU M2 | audio interface | $219 | 152 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M4 | audio interface | $279 | 152 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M6 | audio interface | $499 | 152 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Moonriver 2 Ti | USB dongle | $190 | 140 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Little Dot MK II | desktop amplifier | $176 | 140 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 137 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Audient iD24 | audio interface | $599 | 131 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 128 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 128 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi hip-dac 3 | portable amplifier | $199 | 128 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD4 MkII | audio interface | $199 | 128 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD14 MkII | audio interface | $349 | 128 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX180 | portable player | $480 | 120 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 | portable player | $949 | 120 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Studio 68c | audio interface | $299 | 120 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2 | USB dongle | $99 | 114 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO JM21 | portable player | $199 | 114 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N3 Ultra | portable player | $649 | 114 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus HP4 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 111 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee BOOM | audio interface | $299 | 110 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen DAC 3 | desktop DAC/amp | $229 | 100 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Fireface UCX II | audio interface | $1749 | 96 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| ART HeadAmp 4 Pro | desktop amplifier | $130 | 93 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $499 | 92 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $29 | 92 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom UAC-232 | audio interface | $399 | 92 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Fosi Audio SK02 | desktop amplifier | $100 | 87 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia AudioFuse Rev2 | audio interface | $599 | 86 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO KA15 | USB dongle | $109 | 82 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi GO blu | Bluetooth receiver | $219 | 75 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC-Elite | USB dongle | $449 | 74 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia MiniFuse 2 | audio interface | $149 | 74 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 74 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Cayin RU7 | USB dongle | $269 | 73 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Aiyima A2 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $75 | 69 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $149 | 67 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling M3 Ultra | portable player | $479 | 64 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro Plus | USB dongle | $139 | 63 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | USB dongle | $259 | 63 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 58 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO M23 | portable player | $699 | 58 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim Space | USB dongle | $70 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $119 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern HC3 | USB dongle | $179 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC4 | USB dongle | $219 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Steinberg UR44C | audio interface | $349 | 57 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA5 | USB dongle | $99 | 56 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $189 | 55 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $179 | 51 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| PreSonus Quantum ES 2 | audio interface | $199 | 48 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $109 | 46 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth receiver | $59 | 45 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $69 | 45 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 2 | audio interface | $199 | 45 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 276 | audio interface | $299 | 45 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Studio 24c | audio interface | $149 | 38 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th gen | audio interface | $279 | 36 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th gen | audio interface | $699 | 36 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable damping |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 32 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 31 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Audient EVO 4 | audio interface | $129 | 24 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Audient EVO 8 | audio interface | $249 | 24 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Steinberg IXO22 | audio interface | $119 | 23 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $79 | 23 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th gen | audio interface | $139 | 22 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th gen | audio interface | $199 | 22 mW | +14 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 15 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| JadeAudio JA11 | USB dongle | $20 | 14 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1399 | 14 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Steinberg UR22C | audio interface | $199 | 8.6 mW | +10 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 8.0 mW | +10 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 7.4 mW | +10 dB | Enough faint hiss |
Hiss. At 112.5 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 21 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 70Ω these want a source output impedance below 8.75Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 16 of the 156 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
70Ω · 101.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →70Ω · 101.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →32Ω · 110.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →35Ω · 98.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →14Ω · 94.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →28Ω · 97.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 402.