Audeze LCD-2 Closed-Back: how much amplifier do you need?

The Audeze LCD-2 Closed-Back is 70Ω with a sensitivity of 101.0 dB/mW, which is 112.5 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 0.79 mW, or 0.24 V across the drivers.

That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 156 sources in the database, 156 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.

The two numbers that decide everything

Impedance70 Ω
Sensitivity101.0 dB/mW
Sensitivity (voltage)112.5 dB/V
TypeOver-ear
BrandAudeze
Easy to drive — anything will do it

Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.

Where this sensitivity figure comes from

Audeze publishes this directly as 101 dB/1mW (1 mW, at Drum Reference Point), per milliwatt, so nothing was converted.

The maker adds a power recommendation of its own: Max power handling 5W RMS; minimum power requirement >100mW; recommended power level >250mW

Source: audeze.com. How this data was built.

Power, voltage and current by listening level

LevelWhat it isPowerVoltageCurrent
85 dB SPLquiet background listening0.03 mW42 mV0.6 mA
95 dB SPLnormal listening0.25 mW0.13 V1.9 mA
100 dB SPLloud listening0.79 mW0.24 V3.4 mA
105 dB SPLvery loud2.5 mW0.42 V6.0 mA
110 dB SPLpeaks on dynamic music7.9 mW0.75 V10.7 mA

Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.

What drives them, from a $9 dongle upwards

Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 70Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.

SourceTypePricePower into 70ΩHeadroomVerdict
Wells Audio Milodesktop amplifier$17006.6 W+39 dBComfortable
Violectric V550 Prodesktop amplifier$36005.2 W+38 dBComfortable faint hiss
Chord Hugo TT 2desktop amplifier$50005.0 W+38 dBComfortable
Gustard H26desktop amplifier$10994.4 W+37 dBComfortable
Violectric V222desktop amplifier$12453.4 W+36 dBComfortable faint hiss
Violectric V226desktop DAC/amp$16003.0 W+36 dBComfortable faint hiss
Singxer SA-1desktop amplifier$6993.0 W+36 dBComfortable
Schiit Lyr+desktop amplifier$4492.9 W+36 dBComfortable
SPL Phonitor xedesktop amplifier$30002.7 W+35 dBComfortable faint hiss
Schiit Ragnarok 2desktop amplifier$14992.7 W+35 dBComfortable
Topping A30 Prodesktop amplifier$2492.7 W+35 dBComfortable
Schiit Midgarddesktop amplifier$2192.4 W+35 dBComfortable
Burson Soloist 3X GTdesktop amplifier$27992.3 W+35 dBComfortable
iFi iCAN Prodesktop amplifier$6002.1 W+34 dBComfortable audible hiss
Cayin HA-6Adesktop amplifier$18001.9 W+34 dBComfortable audible hiss
Little Dot MK III SEdesktop amplifier$5401.9 W+34 dBComfortable
Lake People G111 Mk IIdesktop amplifier$6291.8 W+34 dBComfortable faint hiss
Schiit Asgard 3desktop amplifier$2791.8 W+34 dBComfortable
Topping L30 IIdesktop amplifier$1491.8 W+34 dBComfortable
Topping L50desktop amplifier$2291.8 W+34 dBComfortable
Ferrum OORdesktop amplifier$19951.7 W+33 dBComfortable
Benchmark HPA4desktop amplifier$34991.7 W+33 dBComfortable faint hiss
SPL Phonitor sedesktop amplifier$16001.7 W+33 dBComfortable faint hiss
SPL Phonitor xdesktop amplifier$32001.7 W+33 dBComfortable faint hiss
SMSL DO400desktop DAC/amp$5201.6 W+33 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Element IVdesktop DAC/amp$5491.5 W+33 dBComfortable
SMSL SH-9desktop amplifier$2891.4 W+33 dBComfortable
SMSL SP400desktop amplifier$5291.4 W+33 dBComfortable
SMSL HO200desktop amplifier$3991.4 W+32 dBComfortable
xDuoo TA-30desktop amplifier$7091.4 W+32 dBComfortable
RME ADI-2 Pro FS Raudio interface$21991.4 W+32 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Atom Amp 2desktop amplifier$1291.2 W+32 dBComfortable
Schiit Magni Heresydesktop amplifier$991.2 W+32 dBComfortable
Lake People G103-S Mk IIdesktop amplifier$3501.1 W+32 dBComfortable faint hiss
Schiit Magni Unitydesktop amplifier$1191.1 W+31 dBComfortable
iFi Pro iCAN Signaturedesktop amplifier$24991.1 W+31 dBComfortable
Topping A90 Discretedesktop amplifier$5991.0 W+31 dBComfortable
Schiit Magni+desktop amplifier$1091.0 W+31 dBComfortable
Fiio K9 Prodesktop DAC/amp$799951 mW+31 dBComfortable
Topping A90desktop amplifier$499914 mW+31 dBComfortable
Geshelli Archel Prodesktop amplifier$200899 mW+31 dBComfortable
Schiit Jotunheim 2desktop amplifier$399897 mW+31 dBComfortable
Topping DX5desktop DAC/amp$449856 mW+30 dBComfortable
iFi Zen CANdesktop amplifier$199796 mW+30 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Element III MK2desktop DAC/amp$449780 mW+30 dBComfortable
Schiit Vali 2+desktop amplifier$149778 mW+30 dBComfortable audible hiss
Headamp GS-X Minidesktop amplifier$1795714 mW+30 dBComfortable
SMSL HO100desktop amplifier$160709 mW+30 dBComfortable
Questyle CMA Fifteendesktop DAC/amp$2499702 mW+29 dBComfortable
JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen)desktop amplifier$99650 mW+29 dBComfortable
Schiit Magni Pietydesktop amplifier$200640 mW+29 dBComfortable
Matrix element M2desktop DAC/amp$2999640 mW+29 dBComfortable damping
Matrix mini-i Pro 4desktop DAC/amp$1499631 mW+29 dBComfortable damping
Schiit Mjolnir 3desktop amplifier$1199621 mW+29 dBComfortable audible hiss
Lynx Aurora(n)audio interface$3499593 mW+29 dBComfortable
Fiio K7desktop DAC/amp$199564 mW+29 dBComfortable faint hiss
RME ADI-2 DAC FSaudio interface$1399549 mW+28 dBComfortable
Woo Audio WA6desktop amplifier$1099547 mW+28 dBComfortable
SSL 12audio interface$599541 mW+28 dBComfortable
Apogee Duet 3audio interface$649541 mW+28 dBComfortable
Benchmark DAC3 HGCdesktop DAC/amp$2399536 mW+28 dBComfortable
Grace Design m900desktop amplifier$660486 mW+28 dBComfortable faint hiss
xDuoo XD05 Balportable amplifier$499457 mW+28 dBComfortable
Geshelli Archel 3S Prodesktop amplifier$370457 mW+28 dBComfortable
Merging Anubisaudio interface$2790440 mW+27 dBComfortable
HiBy R6 Pro IIportable player$750418 mW+27 dBComfortable faint hiss
Bryston BHA-1desktop amplifier$2395367 mW+27 dBComfortable
Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit)desktop amplifier$375290 mW+26 dBComfortable damping
Fosi Audio K7desktop DAC/amp$199274 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO Q7portable amplifier$750255 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
Apogee Symphony Desktopaudio interface$1495251 mW+25 dBComfortable
FiiO M17portable player$1799234 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
Qudelix T71USB dongle$229229 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
Schiit Valhalla 2desktop amplifier$349228 mW+25 dBComfortable damping
Rupert Neve RNHPdesktop amplifier$699228 mW+25 dBComfortable audible hiss
MOTU UltraLite-mk5audio interface$699215 mW+24 dBComfortable
SSL 2 MkIIaudio interface$229171 mW+23 dBComfortable
SSL 2 Plus MkIIaudio interface$299171 mW+23 dBComfortable
RME Babyface Pro FSaudio interface$899171 mW+23 dBComfortable faint hiss, damping
Questyle M15USB dongle$250166 mW+23 dBComfortable faint hiss
Astell&Kern SP3000portable player$3700156 mW+23 dBComfortable faint hiss
MOTU M2audio interface$219152 mW+23 dBComfortable
MOTU M4audio interface$279152 mW+23 dBComfortable
MOTU M6audio interface$499152 mW+23 dBComfortable
Moondrop Moonriver 2 TiUSB dongle$190140 mW+22 dBComfortable
Little Dot MK IIdesktop amplifier$176140 mW+22 dBComfortable
Astell&Kern SR35portable player$800137 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
Audient iD24audio interface$599131 mW+22 dBComfortable damping
Tempotec Sonata BHD ProUSB dongle$60128 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR17Bluetooth receiver$199128 mW+22 dBComfortable faint hiss
iFi hip-dac 3portable amplifier$199128 mW+22 dBComfortable
Audient iD4 MkIIaudio interface$199128 mW+22 dBComfortable
Audient iD14 MkIIaudio interface$349128 mW+22 dBComfortable
iBasso DX180portable player$480120 mW+22 dBComfortable
iBasso DX260portable player$949120 mW+22 dBComfortable
PreSonus Studio 68caudio interface$299120 mW+22 dBComfortable
ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2USB dongle$99114 mW+22 dBComfortable
FiiO JM21portable player$199114 mW+22 dBComfortable
Cayin N3 Ultraportable player$649114 mW+22 dBComfortable
PreSonus HP4desktop amplifier$150111 mW+21 dBComfortable
Apogee BOOMaudio interface$299110 mW+21 dBComfortable
iFi Zen DAC 3desktop DAC/amp$229100 mW+21 dBComfortable
RME Fireface UCX IIaudio interface$174996 mW+21 dBComfortable
ART HeadAmp 4 Prodesktop amplifier$13093 mW+21 dBComfortable damping
FiiO M11Sportable player$49992 mW+21 dBComfortable
FiiO KA11USB dongle$2992 mW+21 dBComfortable
Zoom UAC-232audio interface$39992 mW+21 dBComfortable damping
Fosi Audio SK02desktop amplifier$10087 mW+20 dBComfortable
Arturia AudioFuse Rev2audio interface$59986 mW+20 dBComfortable damping
FiiO KA15USB dongle$10982 mW+20 dBComfortable
iFi GO bluBluetooth receiver$21975 mW+20 dBComfortable
iBasso DC-EliteUSB dongle$44974 mW+20 dBComfortable
Arturia MiniFuse 2audio interface$14974 mW+20 dBComfortable damping
FiiO BTR7Bluetooth receiver$19974 mW+20 dBComfortable faint hiss
Cayin RU7USB dongle$26973 mW+20 dBComfortable
Aiyima A2 Prodesktop DAC/amp$7569 mW+19 dBComfortable
FiiO KA17USB dongle$14967 mW+19 dBComfortable
Shanling M3 Ultraportable player$47964 mW+19 dBComfortable
Hidizs S9 Pro PlusUSB dongle$13963 mW+19 dBComfortable
Shanling UA5USB dongle$25963 mW+19 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR15Bluetooth receiver$10958 mW+19 dBComfortable
FiiO M23portable player$69958 mW+19 dBComfortable
Truthear SHIOUSB dongle$7057 mW+19 dBComfortable
Tanchjim SpaceUSB dongle$7057 mW+19 dBComfortable
Moondrop Dawn ProUSB dongle$7557 mW+19 dBComfortable
iBasso DC04 ProUSB dongle$11957 mW+19 dBComfortable faint hiss
Astell&Kern HC3USB dongle$17957 mW+19 dBComfortable
Astell&Kern HC4USB dongle$21957 mW+19 dBComfortable
Qudelix 5KBluetooth receiver$10957 mW+19 dBComfortable faint hiss
Steinberg UR44Caudio interface$34957 mW+19 dBComfortable
FiiO KA5USB dongle$9956 mW+18 dBComfortable
ddHiFi TC44 ProUSB dongle$18955 mW+18 dBComfortable faint hiss
Shanling UP5Bluetooth receiver$17951 mW+18 dBComfortable faint hiss
PreSonus Quantum ES 2audio interface$19948 mW+18 dBComfortable
Hidizs S9 ProUSB dongle$10946 mW+18 dBComfortable faint hiss
FiiO BTR13Bluetooth receiver$5945 mW+18 dBComfortable
iBasso DC03 ProUSB dongle$6945 mW+18 dBComfortable
Universal Audio Volt 2audio interface$19945 mW+18 dBComfortable
Universal Audio Volt 276audio interface$29945 mW+18 dBComfortable
PreSonus Studio 24caudio interface$14938 mW+17 dBComfortable
Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th genaudio interface$27936 mW+17 dBComfortable damping
Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th genaudio interface$69936 mW+17 dBComfortable damping
EarStudio ES100 MK2Bluetooth receiver$9032 mW+16 dBComfortable faint hiss
Generic CX31993 donglesUSB dongle$1231 mW+16 dBComfortable audible hiss
Audient EVO 4audio interface$12924 mW+15 dBComfortable damping
Audient EVO 8audio interface$24924 mW+15 dBComfortable damping
Steinberg IXO22audio interface$11923 mW+15 dBComfortable
FiiO KA13USB dongle$7923 mW+15 dBComfortable faint hiss
Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th genaudio interface$13922 mW+14 dBComfortable damping
Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th genaudio interface$19922 mW+14 dBComfortable damping
Apple USB-C dongle (US)USB dongle$915 mW+13 dBComfortable faint hiss
JadeAudio JA11USB dongle$2014 mW+12 dBComfortable
Sony NW-WM1AM2portable player$139914 mW+12 dBComfortable faint hiss
Steinberg UR22Caudio interface$1998.6 mW+10 dBComfortable
Sony NW-A306portable player$3508.0 mW+10 dBComfortable faint hiss
Apple USB-C dongle (EU)USB dongle$97.4 mW+10 dBEnough faint hiss

The three ways a source goes wrong

Hiss. At 112.5 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 21 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.

Output impedance. At 70Ω these want a source output impedance below 8.75Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 16 of the 156 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.

Similar headphones

Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 402.