The Thieaudio Prestige LTD is 22Ω with a sensitivity of 99.0 dB/mW, which is 115.6 dB/V. To reach 100 dB SPL — genuinely loud, louder than most people listen — it needs 1.3 mW, or 0.17 V across the drivers.
That puts it in the easy category. A phone, a laptop headphone jack or the cheapest USB dongle will drive it to painful levels. Of the 156 sources in the database, 156 have comfortable headroom. The cheapest portable source that does the job is the Apple USB-C dongle (US) at $9.
Sensitivity here is in dB per milliwatt. Manufacturers often quote dB per volt instead and leave the unit off, which is the single most common reason online calculators give answers that are 10–15 dB wrong. The converter explains the difference.
Thieaudio publishes a sensitivity of 99 dB and does not state whether that is per milliwatt or per volt — the spec sheet simply stops at the number.
Both readings are given here so you can judge for yourself. If that 99 dB is per milliwatt, the figures on this page are right as they stand. If it is per volt, the real sensitivity is 82.4 dB/mW — 17 dB lower at 22Ω — and everything above understates what these need by that much. The per-milliwatt reading is the one shown, because it is the more common convention on a spec sheet that omits the unit; treat it as an indication rather than a specification.
Source: thieaudio.com. How this data was built.
| Level | What it is | Power | Voltage | Current |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 85 dB SPL | quiet background listening | 0.04 mW | 30 mV | 1.3 mA |
| 95 dB SPL | normal listening | 0.40 mW | 94 mV | 4.3 mA |
| 100 dB SPL | loud listening | 1.3 mW | 0.17 V | 7.6 mA |
| 105 dB SPL | very loud | 4.0 mW | 0.30 V | 13.5 mA |
| 110 dB SPL | peaks on dynamic music | 13 mW | 0.53 V | 23.9 mA |
Most people listen between 75 and 85 dB. The 100 dB row is the one worth planning around: it gives you headroom for dynamic peaks without designing your system for a volume that would damage your hearing in under fifteen minutes. The safe listening calculator puts numbers on that.
Every source in the database, judged at 100 dB SPL into 22Ω. “Headroom” is how much power is left over above what the headphone needs — 10 dB means ten times the required power, which is what you want for dynamic peaks.
| Source | Type | Price | Power into 22Ω | Headroom | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wells Audio Milo | desktop amplifier | $1700 | 8.2 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Singxer SA-1 | desktop amplifier | $699 | 7.5 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Lyr+ | desktop amplifier | $449 | 7.3 W | +38 dB | Comfortable |
| Gustard H26 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 6.7 W | +37 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A30 Pro | desktop amplifier | $249 | 5.6 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Chord Hugo TT 2 | desktop amplifier | $5000 | 5.5 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Midgard | desktop amplifier | $219 | 5.0 W | +36 dB | Comfortable |
| Benchmark HPA4 | desktop amplifier | $3499 | 4.6 W | +36 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Burson Soloist 3X GT | desktop amplifier | $2799 | 4.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SH-9 | desktop amplifier | $289 | 4.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL HO200 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 4.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| SMSL SP400 | desktop amplifier | $529 | 4.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL DO400 | desktop DAC/amp | $520 | 4.4 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Asgard 3 | desktop amplifier | $279 | 4.2 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Ragnarok 2 | desktop amplifier | $1499 | 4.1 W | +35 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Pro iCAN Signature | desktop amplifier | $2499 | 3.5 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L50 | desktop amplifier | $229 | 3.1 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping L30 II | desktop amplifier | $149 | 3.0 W | +34 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V550 Pro | desktop amplifier | $3600 | 3.0 W | +34 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| iFi iCAN Pro | desktop amplifier | $600 | 2.8 W | +33 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Magni Unity | desktop amplifier | $119 | 2.7 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 Discrete | desktop amplifier | $599 | 2.6 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Heresy | desktop amplifier | $99 | 2.5 W | +33 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element IV | desktop DAC/amp | $549 | 2.2 W | +32 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SMSL HO100 | desktop amplifier | $160 | 2.2 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo TA-30 | desktop amplifier | $709 | 2.1 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin HA-6A | desktop amplifier | $1800 | 2.1 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| RME ADI-2 Pro FS R | audio interface | $2199 | 2.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V222 | desktop amplifier | $1245 | 2.0 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor xe | desktop amplifier | $3000 | 1.9 W | +32 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| JDS Labs Atom Amp 2 | desktop amplifier | $129 | 1.8 W | +32 dB | Comfortable |
| Violectric V226 | desktop DAC/amp | $1600 | 1.8 W | +31 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Little Dot MK III SE | desktop amplifier | $540 | 1.7 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel 3S Pro | desktop amplifier | $370 | 1.5 W | +31 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K9 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $799 | 1.4 W | +31 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Grace Design m900 | desktop amplifier | $660 | 1.4 W | +31 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Schiit Magni+ | desktop amplifier | $109 | 1.4 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Jotunheim 2 | desktop amplifier | $399 | 1.4 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping A90 | desktop amplifier | $499 | 1.4 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Headamp GS-X Mini | desktop amplifier | $1795 | 1.3 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Geshelli Archel Pro | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.2 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| Topping DX5 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 1.2 W | +30 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen CAN | desktop amplifier | $199 | 1.1 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Magni Piety | desktop amplifier | $200 | 1.1 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Vali 2+ | desktop amplifier | $149 | 1.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Questyle CMA Fifteen | desktop DAC/amp | $2499 | 1.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| RME ADI-2 DAC FS | audio interface | $1399 | 1.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Lake People G111 Mk II | desktop amplifier | $629 | 1.0 W | +29 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Benchmark DAC3 HGC | desktop DAC/amp | $2399 | 917 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Element III MK2 | desktop DAC/amp | $449 | 894 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Lynx Aurora(n) | audio interface | $3499 | 892 mW | +29 dB | Comfortable |
| Fiio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 839 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| SSL 12 | audio interface | $599 | 813 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Duet 3 | audio interface | $649 | 813 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| Matrix mini-i Pro 4 | desktop DAC/amp | $1499 | 800 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Matrix element M2 | desktop DAC/amp | $2999 | 800 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Ferrum OOR | desktop amplifier | $1995 | 733 mW | +28 dB | Comfortable |
| xDuoo XD05 Bal | portable amplifier | $499 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| JDS Labs Atom+ (2nd gen) | desktop amplifier | $99 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Lake People G103-S Mk II | desktop amplifier | $350 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Schiit Mjolnir 3 | desktop amplifier | $1199 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor se | desktop amplifier | $1600 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| SPL Phonitor x | desktop amplifier | $3200 | 688 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Merging Anubis | audio interface | $2790 | 661 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO Q7 | portable amplifier | $750 | 635 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO M17 | portable player | $1799 | 606 mW | +27 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| HiBy R6 Pro II | portable player | $750 | 516 mW | +26 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Fosi Audio K7 | desktop DAC/amp | $199 | 412 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Woo Audio WA6 | desktop amplifier | $1099 | 399 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX180 | portable player | $480 | 382 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DX260 | portable player | $949 | 382 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee Symphony Desktop | audio interface | $1495 | 381 mW | +25 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix T71 | USB dongle | $229 | 344 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Bryston BHA-1 | desktop amplifier | $2395 | 344 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU UltraLite-mk5 | audio interface | $699 | 324 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR17 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 298 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO JM21 | portable player | $199 | 296 mW | +24 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 MkII | audio interface | $229 | 257 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| SSL 2 Plus MkII | audio interface | $299 | 257 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| RME Babyface Pro FS | audio interface | $899 | 257 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss, damping |
| FiiO M11S | portable player | $499 | 244 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Rupert Neve RNHP | desktop amplifier | $699 | 237 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| Astell&Kern SP3000 | portable player | $3700 | 234 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| FiiO KA15 | USB dongle | $109 | 229 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| MOTU M2 | audio interface | $219 | 229 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M4 | audio interface | $279 | 229 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| MOTU M6 | audio interface | $499 | 229 mW | +23 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA11 | USB dongle | $29 | 217 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Questyle M15 | USB dongle | $250 | 206 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern SR35 | portable player | $800 | 206 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Tempotec Sonata BHD Pro | USB dongle | $60 | 193 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Moondrop Moonriver 2 Ti | USB dongle | $190 | 193 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi hip-dac 3 | portable amplifier | $199 | 193 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable |
| Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) | desktop amplifier | $375 | 187 mW | +22 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO M23 | portable player | $699 | 175 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro E2 | USB dongle | $99 | 172 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin N3 Ultra | portable player | $649 | 172 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| Apogee BOOM | audio interface | $299 | 165 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR7 | Bluetooth receiver | $199 | 158 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| RME Fireface UCX II | audio interface | $1749 | 144 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| iFi Zen DAC 3 | desktop DAC/amp | $229 | 144 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR15 | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 142 mW | +21 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Fosi Audio SK02 | desktop amplifier | $100 | 131 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia AudioFuse Rev2 | audio interface | $599 | 129 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable damping |
| FiiO KA5 | USB dongle | $99 | 126 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA17 | USB dongle | $149 | 120 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| iFi GO blu | Bluetooth receiver | $219 | 113 mW | +20 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC-Elite | USB dongle | $449 | 111 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Cayin RU7 | USB dongle | $269 | 110 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO BTR13 | Bluetooth receiver | $59 | 107 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Aiyima A2 Pro | desktop DAC/amp | $75 | 103 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Zoom UAC-232 | audio interface | $399 | 101 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Shanling M3 Ultra | portable player | $479 | 96 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Arturia MiniFuse 2 | audio interface | $149 | 96 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Hidizs S9 Pro Plus | USB dongle | $139 | 95 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable |
| Shanling UA5 | USB dongle | $259 | 94 mW | +19 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Truthear SHIO | USB dongle | $70 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Tanchjim Space | USB dongle | $70 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Moondrop Dawn Pro | USB dongle | $75 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC04 Pro | USB dongle | $119 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Astell&Kern HC3 | USB dongle | $179 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Astell&Kern HC4 | USB dongle | $219 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Qudelix 5K | Bluetooth receiver | $109 | 86 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Audient iD24 | audio interface | $599 | 85 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| ddHiFi TC44 Pro | USB dongle | $189 | 82 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Audient iD4 MkII | audio interface | $199 | 82 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient iD14 MkII | audio interface | $349 | 82 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Schiit Valhalla 2 | desktop amplifier | $349 | 79 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Shanling UP5 | Bluetooth receiver | $179 | 77 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| ART HeadAmp 4 Pro | desktop amplifier | $130 | 73 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable damping |
| PreSonus Quantum ES 2 | audio interface | $199 | 72 mW | +18 dB | Comfortable |
| Hidizs S9 Pro | USB dongle | $109 | 69 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Little Dot MK II | desktop amplifier | $176 | 69 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| iBasso DC03 Pro | USB dongle | $69 | 67 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus Studio 68c | audio interface | $299 | 59 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| FiiO KA13 | USB dongle | $79 | 59 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Universal Audio Volt 2 | audio interface | $199 | 58 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Universal Audio Volt 276 | audio interface | $299 | 58 mW | +17 dB | Comfortable |
| Steinberg UR44C | audio interface | $349 | 55 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| PreSonus HP4 | desktop amplifier | $150 | 48 mW | +16 dB | Comfortable |
| Sony NW-WM1AM2 | portable player | $1399 | 44 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Generic CX31993 dongles | USB dongle | $12 | 41 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| EarStudio ES100 MK2 | Bluetooth receiver | $90 | 41 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Focusrite Scarlett 4i4 4th gen | audio interface | $279 | 38 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 18i20 4th gen | audio interface | $699 | 38 mW | +15 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Sony NW-A306 | portable player | $350 | 26 mW | +13 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| Steinberg IXO22 | audio interface | $119 | 22 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Focusrite Scarlett Solo 4th gen | audio interface | $139 | 21 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 4th gen | audio interface | $199 | 21 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (US) | USB dongle | $9 | 21 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable audible hiss |
| JadeAudio JA11 | USB dongle | $20 | 21 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable faint hiss |
| PreSonus Studio 24c | audio interface | $149 | 18 mW | +12 dB | Comfortable |
| Audient EVO 4 | audio interface | $129 | 16 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Audient EVO 8 | audio interface | $249 | 16 mW | +11 dB | Comfortable damping |
| Apple USB-C dongle (EU) | USB dongle | $9 | 10 mW | +9 dB | Enough audible hiss |
| Steinberg UR22C | audio interface | $199 | 8.2 mW | +8 dB | Enough |
Hiss. At 115.6 dB/V these are sensitive enough to reveal a source's own noise floor. The noisiest source in the database, the Schiit Vali 2+, would put its hiss at roughly 24 dB SPL in these headphones — clearly audible in quiet passages. The hiss calculator lets you check your own amplifier's noise figure.
Output impedance. At 22Ω these want a source output impedance below 2.75Ω to satisfy the one-eighth rule. 16 of the 156 sources here miss it, the worst being the Bottlehead Crack (OTL kit) at 120.0Ω. Above that threshold the source starts shaping the frequency response. Check yours here.
20Ω · 103.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →18Ω · 87.6 dB/mW · Moderate
See requirements →17Ω · 103.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →15Ω · 97.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →16Ω · 98.0 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →18Ω · 98.6 dB/mW · Easy
See requirements →Or open the comparison tool to put any two models side by side, or browse all 402.