FiiO JM21: power output and what it will drive

The FiiO JM21 is a portable player at $199. It delivers 245 mW into 32Ω and 30 mW into 300Ω, which ranks it 93 of 156 for raw power among the sources in this database.

Measured at 100 dB SPL it has comfortable headroom on 386 of the 396 dynamic and planar headphones catalogued here and enough but not generous on 10. FiiO's budget sub-brand player, running Android. Note that FiiO publishes power for USB-DAC mode only — there is no rating for it working as a standalone player.

What it actually puts out

TypePortable player
Price$199
Power into 32 Ω245 mW
Power into 150 Ω56 mW
Power into 300 Ω30 mW
Power into 600 Ω15 mW
Output impedance1 Ω
Output noise1.6 µV
Comfortable headroom on 386 of 396 headphones (97%)

Where these numbers come from

The manufacturer publishes 360 mW into 16Ω, 245 mW into 32Ω, 30 mW into 300Ω. Everything else in the table above is worked out from those figures, and this table says which is which.

The balanced output is rated separately: 700 mW into 32Ω through the 4.4mm jack.

Derivation holds output voltage steady between and beyond the published loads rather than output power, because that is what an amplifier actually does. The full method is written up here.

Source: fiio.com, fiio.com.

LoadPowerStatusHow it was arrived at
16 Ω360 mWPublishedthe manufacturer publishes this figure at this exact load
32 Ω245 mWPublishedthe manufacturer publishes this figure at this exact load
150 Ω56 mWDerivedworked out between two published loads, holding output voltage linear between them
300 Ω30 mWPublishedthe manufacturer publishes this figure at this exact load
600 Ω15 mWDerivedbeyond the published loads, holding output voltage constant — which understates rather than flatters

Against 41 well-known headphones

Ordered from easiest to hardest to drive. Headroom is measured at 100 dB SPL, which is louder than almost anyone listens — a small negative number means the source still plays loud, just without reserve for peaks.

These figures come from each manufacturer's own sensitivity rating. A handful of planars — the HiFiMAN Susvara and HE-6se and the Abyss AB-1266 in particular — are widely reported to need far more than their published sensitivity implies, so treat a bare pass on those as optimistic rather than settled.

HeadphoneImpedancedB/mWNeedsHeadroomVerdict
Shure SE8469 Ω114.00.04 mW+37 dBComfortable audible hiss
64 Audio U12t13 Ω108.00.16 mW+33 dBComfortable audible hiss
Shure SE21517 Ω107.00.20 mW+32 dBComfortable faint hiss
Moondrop Aria32 Ω107.10.19 mW+31 dBComfortable faint hiss
Audeze LCD-X 202120 Ω103.00.50 mW+28 dBComfortable faint hiss
Truthear Hexa21 Ω103.10.49 mW+28 dBComfortable faint hiss
Sennheiser HD 25 (1-II)70 Ω108.00.16 mW+29 dBComfortable faint hiss
Sennheiser IE 20018 Ω101.60.69 mW+27 dBComfortable faint hiss
Sony MDR-750663 Ω106.00.25 mW+27 dBComfortable faint hiss
Meze 99 Classics32 Ω103.00.50 mW+27 dBComfortable faint hiss
Focal Clear MG55 Ω104.00.40 mW+26 dBComfortable faint hiss
Philips SHP950032 Ω101.00.79 mW+25 dBComfortable faint hiss
Focal Utopia80 Ω104.00.40 mW+24 dBComfortable
Meze Empyrean32 Ω100.01.0 mW+24 dBComfortable
Campfire Audio Andromeda 20209 Ω94.04.0 mW+17 dBComfortable
Etymotic ER2SE15 Ω96.02.5 mW+21 dBComfortable
AKG K37132 Ω99.11.2 mW+23 dBComfortable
Audio-Technica ATH-M50X38 Ω99.01.3 mW+22 dBComfortable
Beyerdynamic DT 900 Pro X48 Ω100.01.0 mW+22 dBComfortable
Audeze LCD-2 Classic70 Ω101.00.79 mW+22 dBComfortable
Grado SR80x38 Ω98.01.6 mW+21 dBComfortable
Sennheiser HD 560S120 Ω100.80.83 mW+19 dBComfortable
HiFiMAN Edition XS18 Ω92.06.3 mW+17 dBComfortable
HiFiMAN Arya Stealth32 Ω94.04.0 mW+18 dBComfortable
Dan Clark Audio AEON 2 Closed13 Ω90.010 mW+15 dBComfortable
Audeze LCD-514 Ω90.010 mW+15 dBComfortable
HiFiMAN Sundara37 Ω94.04.0 mW+17 dBComfortable
Beyerdynamic DT 1990 Pro (250Ω)250 Ω102.00.63 mW+17 dBComfortable
HiFiMAN HE400se25 Ω91.07.9 mW+15 dBComfortable
Dan Clark Audio Stealth23 Ω90.010 mW+15 dBComfortable
Fostex T50RP MK350 Ω92.06.3 mW+14 dBComfortable
AKG K70262 Ω92.95.1 mW+14 dBComfortable
ZMF Verite Closed300 Ω99.01.3 mW+14 dBComfortable
Sennheiser HD 650300 Ω97.81.7 mW+13 dBComfortable
Sennheiser HD 800S300 Ω96.82.1 mW+12 dBComfortable
Beyerdynamic DT 770 Pro (250Ω)250 Ω96.02.5 mW+11 dBComfortable
Audio-Technica ATH-R70X470 Ω98.01.6 mW+11 dBComfortable
ZMF Atrium300 Ω96.02.5 mW+11 dBComfortable
Abyss AB-1266 Phi TC50 Ω88.016 mW+10 dBEnough
Sennheiser HD 600300 Ω91.86.6 mW+7 dBEnough
HiFiMAN Susvara60 Ω83.050 mW+4 dBEnough

Will it hiss?

At 1.6 µV of output noise, here is where that noise lands in the five most revealing in-ears in the database.

This one hisses. With the most sensitive in-ears in the database its own noise lands around 19 dB SPL, which you will hear between tracks and in quiet passages.

In-earImpedanceSensitivityHiss level
Shure SE8469 Ω134.5 dB/V19 dB SPL
64 Audio Fourte10 Ω134.0 dB/V18 dB SPL
Shure SE53536 Ω133.4 dB/V18 dB SPL
Shure AONIC 536 Ω133.4 dB/V18 dB SPL
Campfire Audio Andromeda 20236.375 Ω132.6 dB/V17 dB SPL

Output impedance and the one-eighth rule

At 1 Ω output impedance, the one-eighth rule says this source suits headphones of 8.0Ω and above. 8 of the 396 models here fall below that, mostly multi-driver in-ears, where the mismatch tilts the frequency response audibly rather than subtly.

The rule is a rule of thumb, not physics: a source impedance below one eighth of the headphone's keeps the interaction under about 1 dB. The checker works it out for any pair.

Other portable players at a similar price

Or put any two side by side in the source comparison tool, or run your own headphones through the amplifier matcher.